<p>In the spirit of keeping the description short, here are some suggestions for removing the imprecise language of &quot;random fluctuations&quot;:</p>
<ul>
<li><s>Hypothesis testing provides an empirical answer to a yes or no question.</s> <em>(See comments.)</em></li>
<li>Hypothesis testing assesses whether data provides sufficient evidence to favor one hypothesis over another.</li>
</ul>
<p>Or a slightly longer one for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing#Null_hypothesis_statistical_significance_testing" rel="nofollow noreferrer">NHST</a> specifically:</p>
<ul>
<li>A frequentist statistical tests assesses how likely it is that the data were generated under the null-hypothesis, and then decides whether or not to reject it in favor of the alternative.</li>
</ul>
